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The Russian Revolution as an origin of the Cold War – Part 1
Most Americans today share the perception that the cold war began in the aftermath of world war two. This is probably true, if you consider only the post war escalation and military offset between the United States, its’ NATO allies and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). To understand the causative factors which led to this period however, a deeper probe into the historical record affords more perspicuous perceptions of the events and happenings which brought the U.S. and USSR to a state of perpetual readiness for mutually assured destruction.
Contentions between eastern and western Europe, particularly between the German and Russian empires, obviously preceded the first world war, but it was at the juncture of the great war to end all wars that the United States and Bolsheviks would first engage in armed conflict. The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist communist, were one of three forces fighting each other during the Russian revolution for control of the former empire of Czar Nicholas, who had abdicated and been assassinated in 1917. The other two factions in the revolution were called the Mensheviks, a socialist movement, and the “White Russians” who represented a rag tag coalition of former nobles, czar loyalist, business interests and included participants from all classes. To refer to any assemblage of White Russians as representative of an army would be an inaccurate portrayal, as they much more resembled pockets of insurgents with a strong hold in the eastern provinces of the former Russian empire.
In March of 1918, the Bolsheviks, who by that time controlled Moscow and parts west, signed a peace treaty with the Germans, trading the Baltic states in return for a cessation of hostilities. The United States under president Woodrow Wilson, who were not happy with the Marxist anti capitalist doctrines of Lenin’s Bolshevism, sided with the White Russians in the revolution, and became directly involved by sending an expeditionary force to Siberia in support of them. Later on, Wilson dispatched an additional 5,000 troops, called the Polar Bear expedition, to directly confront the Red Army at Arkhangelsk in Russia. The American aid to the White Russians would be long remembered by the Bolsheviks who were ultimately victorious in the revolution.
After the war, tensions between the USSR and United States would continue to fester. Woodrow Wilson created the League of Nations, of which neither the United States nor USSR were part
Tags: Bolshevism, Czar Nicholas, Russian Empire